PALS Publications

Cherkasova, M.V., Roy, A., Molina, B.S.G., Scott, G., Weiss, G., Barkley, R.A., Biederman, J., Uchida, M., Hinshaw, S.P., Owens, E.B., & Hechtman, L. (2022). Review: Adult Outcome as Seen Through Controlled Prospective Follow-up Studies of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Followed Into Adulthood. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 61(3), 378–391. PMID: 34116167

Rhodes, J., Kennedy, T.M., Walther, C.A.P., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, Jr., W.E., & Molina, B.S.G. (2022).  Smoking-specific risk factors in early adulthood that mediate risk of daily smoking by age 29 for children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26(4), 525-536. PMCID: PMC9747070

Zhao, X., Kennedy, T.M., Hayes, T., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, W.E., Jr., & Molina, B.S.G. (2021).  A measure of functioning in adults with ADHD: Psychometric properties of the General Life Functioning Scale-Parent Version. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(12), 2894-2914. PMCID: PMC8767958.

Versace, A., Jones, N.P., Joseph, H.M., Lindstrom, R., Wilson, T.K., Lima Santos, J.P., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, Jr., W.E., Ladouceur*, C.D., & Molina*, B.S.G. (2021). White matter abnormalities associated with ADHD outcomes in adulthood.  A tract-profile study in adults with research-quality childhood diagnoses. Molecular Psychiatry, 26(11), 6655-6665. *Shared senior authorship. PMCID: PMC8613296

Wang, F.L., Pedersen, S.L., Kennedy, T.M., Gnagy, E, Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G. (2021).  Persistent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder predicts socially-oriented, but not physical/physiologically-oriented alcohol problems in early adulthood. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 45(8), 1693-1706. PMCID: PMC8429135

Babinski, D.E., Mazzant, J.R., Merrill, B.M., Waschbusch, D.A., Sibley, M.H., Gnagy, E.M., Molina, B.S.G., & Pelham, W.E., Jr. (2020).  Lifetime caregiver strain among mothers of adolescents and young adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.  Journal of Family Psychology,34(3), 342-352. PMCID: PMC7102920.

Jones, N.P., Versace, A., Lindstrom, R., Wilson, T.K., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, Jr., W.E., *Molina, B.S.G., & Ladouceur, C.D.  (2020).  Reduced activation in the pallidal-thalamic-motor pathway is associated with deficits in reward-modulated inhibitory control in adults with a history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging,5(12), 1123-1133.  *Shared senior authorship. PMCID: PMC7726013

Kennedy, T. M., Walther, C. A. P., Pedersen, S. L., McKone, K. M. P., Gnagy, E. M., Pelham, W. E., & Molina, B. S. G. (2020). Beers with peers: Childhood ADHD and risk for correlated change in peer and personal alcohol use across young adulthood. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 44(11), 2350-2360. PMCID: PMC7680395

Pelham, W.E., III, Page, T.F., Altszuler, A.R., Gnagy, E.M., Molina, B.S.G., & Pelham, W.E., Jr.  (2020).  The long-term financial outcome of children diagnosed with ADHD.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88(2), 160-171. PMCID: PMC6940517

Wang, F.L., Pedersen, S.L., Devlin, B., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, W.E. Jr, & Molina, B.S.G (2020). Heterogeneous trajectories of problematic alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence in young adults with and without childhood ADHD.  Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48(10), 1265-1277. PMCID: PMC7470627

Merrill, B.M., Molina, B.S.G., Coxe, S., Gnagy, E.M., Altszuler, A.R., Macphee, F.L., Morrow, A.S., Trucco, E.M., & Pelham, W.E. (2019). Functional outcomes of young adults with childhood ADHD: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. PMCID: PMC6661228

Joseph, H.M., Kennedy, T.M., Gnagy, E.M., Perlman, S.B., Pelham, W.E. Jr., & Molina, B.S.G. (2019). Fathers with childhood ADHD, parenting, and their young children’s behavior: Offspring of the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS). Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 50(1) 35-44. PMCID: PMC6532773

Kennedy, T. M., McKone, K. M. P., & Molina, B.S.G. (2019). Substance use in adolescents with ADHD. In Becker, S. P., ADHD in Adolescence: Development, assessment, and treatment. The Guilford Press, New York, NY

Walther, C.A.P., Pedersen, S.L., Gnagy, E., Pelham, W.E., & Molina, B.S.G. (2019). Specificity of expectancies prospectively predicting alcohol and marijuana use in adulthood in the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33(2) 117-127. PMCID: PMC6405311

Wang F.L., Pedersen, S.L., Joseph, H., Gnagy, E., Curran, P., Pelham, W.E., & Molina, B.S.G (2019). Role of ADHD in the co-occurrence between heavy alcohol use and depression trajectories in adulthood. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 43(2), 342-352. PMCID: PMC6370516

Harty, S.C., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, W.E., & Molina, B.S.G. (2017). Anger-irritability as a mediator of ADHD risk for adolescent alcohol use and the contribution of coping skills. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(5), 555-563. PMCID: PMC5393946

Sibley, M.H., Coxe, S., & Molina, B.S.G. (2017).  Refining diagnostic procedures for adults with symptoms of ADHD:  A response to “Psychometrically informed approach to integration of multiple informant ratings in adult ADHD diagnosis in a community-recruited sample.”  Invited commentary with peer review in Assessment, 24(3), 290-296. PMCID: PMC Journal - In Process

Wymbs, B.T., Walther, C.A.P., Cheong, J., Belendiuk, K.A., Pedersen, S.L., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, W.E., & Molina, B.S.G. (2017). Childhood ADHD potentiates the association between problematic drinking and intimate partner violence. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(12), 997-1008. PMCID: PMC4430459

Altszuler, A.R, Page, T.F, Gnagy, E.M., Coxe, S., Arrieta, A., Molina, B.S. & Pelham, W.E. (2016).  Financial Dependence of Young Adults with Childhood.  Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(6), 1217-1229. PMCID: PMC4887412

Belendiuk, K. A., Pedersen, S.P., King, K.M., Pelham, W.E. & Molina, B. S.G. (2016). Change over time in adolescent and friend alcohol use: Differential associations for youth with and without childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(1), 29-38. PMCID: PMC4752397

Meinzer, M.C., Pettit, J.W., Waxmonsky, J.G., Gnagy, E., Molina, B.S.G., & Pelham, W.E. (2016).  Does childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predict levels of depressive symptoms during emerging adulthood? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(4), 787-797. PMCID: PMC4754165

Molina, B.S.G., Gnagy, E.M., Joseph, H.M., & Pelham, W.E. (2016). Antisocial alcoholism in parents of adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD.  Journal of Attention Disorders, 1-10. NIHMS846379

Molina, B.S.G., Pedersen, S.L. (2016). Paying Attention. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Magazine, 18 (4), 18-23.

Molina, B.S.G., Sibley, M.H., Pedersen, S.L., & Pelham, W.E. (2016). The Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study. In L. Hechtman (Eds.), Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Adult outcomes and its predictors. Oxford University Press: New York, NY.

Pedersen, S.L., Walther, C.A.P., Harty, S.C., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G. (2016). The indirect effects of childhood ADHD on alcohol problems in adulthood through unique facets of impulsivity. Addiction, 111(9), 1582-1589. PMCID: PMC4983236

Rhodes, J.D., Pelham, W.E., Gnagy, E.M., Shiffman, S., Derefinko, K.J., & Molina, B.S.G. (2016). Cigarette smoking and ADHD:  An examination of prognostically-relevant smoking behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(5), 588-600. PMCID: PMC5117481

Harty, S.C., Pedersen, S.L., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, W.E., & Molina, B.S.G. (2015). ADHD and marijuana use expectancies in young adulthood. Substance Use and Misuse, 50(11), 1470-1478. PMCID: PMC4651798

Kuriyan, A. B., Pelham, W., Molina, B.S.G., Waschbusch, D.A., Sibley, M.H. & Gnagy, E. M., (2014) Concordance between parent and physician medication histories for children with ADHD. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 5, 269-274. PMCID: PMC4064728

Molina, B.S.G. (2014). ADHD and substance abuse. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Magazine, 16(1), 4.

Molina, B.S.G. & Pelham, W.E. (2014). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of substance use disorder:  Developmental considerations, potential pathways, and opportunities for research.  Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 607-639. PMCID: PMC4097844

Molina, B.S., Sibley, M.H. (2014, December). The case for including informant reports in the assessment of adulthood ADHD. The ADHD Report, 22 (8), 1-7.

Molina, B.S.G., Walther, C.A.P., Cheong, J., Pedersen, S., Gnagy, E.M., & Pelham, W.E. (2014).  Heavy alcohol use in early adulthood as a function of childhood ADHD:  Developmentally-specific mediation by social impairment and delinquency. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 22 (2), 110-121. PMCID: PMC4068123.

Pedersen, S.L., Harty, S., Pelham, W.E., Gnagy, E., & Molina, B.S.G. (2014). Differential associations between alcohol expectancies and adolescent alcohol use as a function of childhood ADHD. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75 (1), 145-152. PMCID: PMC3893628

Wymbs, B.T., Walther, C.A.P., Cheong, J., Belendiuk, K.A., Pedersen, S.L., Gnagy, E.M., Pelham, W.E., & Molina, B.S.G. (2014). Childhood ADHD potentiates the association between problematic drinking and intimate partner violence. Journal of Attention Disorders. PMCID: PMC4430459

Kuriyan, A. B., Pelham, W., Molina, B.S.G., Waschbusch, D.A., Gnagy, E. M Sibley, M.H., Babinski, D.E., Walther, C.A.P., Cheong, J., Yu, J., & Kent, K. (2013).Young adult educational and vocational outcomes of children diagnosed with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(1), 27-41. PMCID: PMC3505256

Wymbs, B. T., Molina, B.S.G., Belendiuk, K.A., Pedersen, S.L., Walther, C.A.P., Cheong, J., McGinley, J. S., Marshal, M.P., Gnagy, E.M., & Pelham, W.E. (2013). Motorsports involvement among adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42(2), 220-231. PMCID: PMC3587661

Babinski, D.E., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G., Gnagy, E.M., Waschbusch, D.A., Wymbs, B.T., Sibley, M.H., & Kuriyan, A.B. (2012). Maternal ADHD, parenting, and psychopathology among mothers of adolescents with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. PMCID: PMC3582708

Molina, B.S.G., Pelham, W.E., Cheong, J., Marshal, M., Gnagy, E., & Curran, P.J. (2012).  Childhood ADHD and growth in adolescent alcohol use:  The roles of functional impairments, ADHD symptom persistence, and parental knowledge.  Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(4), 922-935. PMCID: PMC4128089

Sibley, M.H., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G., Gnagy, E.M., Waschbusch, D.A., Garefino, A., Kuriyan, A.B., Babinski, D.E., & Karch, K.M. (2012).  Diagnosing ADHD in adolescence.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(1), 139-150. PMCID: PMC4085687

Sibley, M.H., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G., Gnagy, E.M., Waxmonsky, J.G., Derefinko, K., Wymbs, B., Garefino, A., Babinski, D.E., & Kuriyan, A.B. (2012). When diagnosing ADHD in young adults emphasize informant reports, DSM Items, and impairment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(6), 1052-1061. PMCID: PMC3919146

Walther, C.A.P., Cheong, J., Molina, B.S.G., Pelham, W.E., Wymbs, B.T., Belendiuk, K.A., & Pedersen, S.L. (2012). Substance use and delinquency among adolescents with childhood ADHD: The protective role of parenting. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,  26(3), 585-598. PMCID: PMC3355197

Wymbs, B. T., Molina, B.S.G., Pelham, W E., Cheong, J., Gnagy, E.M., Belendiuk, K.A., Walther, C.A.P., Babinski, D.E., & Waschbusch, D.A. (2012).  Risk of intimate partner violence among young adult males with childhood ADHD.  Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(5), 373-383. PMCID: PMC3272093 

Babinski, D.E., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G., Gnagy, E.M., Waschbusch, D.A., Yu, J., MacLean, M.G., Wymbs, B.T., Sibley, M.H., Biswas, A., Robb, J.A., & Karch, K.M. (2011). Late adolescent and young adult outcomes of girls diagnosed with ADHD in childhood:  An exploratory investigation.  Journal of Attention Disorders, 15(3), 204-214. PMCID: PMC2976801

Babinski, D., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G., Waschbusch, D., Gnagy, E., Yu, J., Sibley, M., & Biswas, A.  (2011). Women with childhood ADHD:  Comparisons by diagnostic group and gender.  Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33(4), 420-429. PMCID: PMC3251258

Kent, K.M., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G., Sibley, M.H., Waschbusch, D.A., Yu, J., Gnagy, E.M., Biswas, A., Babinski, D.E., & Karch, K.M. (2011).  The academic experience of male high school students with ADHD.  Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(3), 451-462. PMCID: PMC3068222

Molina, B.S.G. (2011). Delinquency and substance use in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Adolescent and young adult outcomes in developmental context. In S.W. Evans & B. Hoza (Eds.), Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Assessment and Intervention in Developmental Context (19:1-52). Civic Research Institute: Kingston, NJ.

Sibley, M.H., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G., Gnagy, E.M., Waschbusch, D.A., Biswas, A., MacLean, M.G., Babinski, D.E., & Karch, K.M. (2011).  The delinquency outcomes of boys with ADHD with and without comorbidity.  Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(1), 21-32. PMCID: PMC2978775

Robb, J.A., Sibley, M.H., Pelham, W.E., Foster, E.M., Molina, B.S.G., Gnagy, E.M., & Kuriyan, A.B. (2011). The estimated annual cost of ADHD to the U.S. education system. School Mental Health, 3,169-177. PMCID: PMC4123753

Sibley, M.H., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G., Waschbusch, D.A., Gnagy, E.M, Babinski, D.E., & Biswas, A. (2010).  Inconsistent Self-Report of Delinquency by Adolescents and Young Adults with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 645–656. PMCID:PMC2918231

Wymbs, B. T., Pelham, W. E., Gnagy, E. M., & Molina, B.S.G. (2008). Mother and adolescent reports of interparental discord among families of adolescents with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 16(1), 29-41. PMCID: PMC2794134

Wymbs, B.T., Pelham, W.E., Molina, B.S.G., Gnagy, E.M., & Wilson, T.K. (2008). Rate and predictors of divorce among parents of youths with ADHD. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,76(5), 735–744. PMCID: PMC2631569.

Flory, K., Molina, B., Pelham, W.E., Gnagy, E.M., & Smith, B. (2007).  ADHD and risky sexual behavior.  The ADHD Report, 15(3), 1-4.

Marshal, M.P., Molina, B.S.G., Pelham, W.E., & Cheong, J.  (2007). Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder moderates the life stress pathway to alcohol problems in children of alcoholics. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(4), 564-574. PMCID: PMC3649116

Molina, B.S.G., Pelham, W.E., Gnagy, E.M., Thompson, A. L., & Marshal, M.P. (2007).  ADHD risk for heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder is age-specific.  Alcoholism:  Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(4), 643-654. PMCID: PMC2680082

Bagwell, C. L., Molina, B.S.G., Kashdan, T.B., Pelham, W.E., & Hoza, B. (2006).  Anxiety and mood disorders in adolescents with childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.  Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 14(3), 178-187.

Flory, K., Molina, B.S.G., Pelham, W.E., Gnagy, E.M., & Smith, B. H. (2006).  Childhood ADHD predicts risky sexual behavior in young adulthood.  Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(4), 571-577.

Marshal, M.P. & Molina, B.S.G. (2006).  Antisocial behaviors moderate the deviant peer pathway to substance use in children with ADHD.  Journal of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology, 35(2), 216-226. PMCID: PMC2680090

McCrady, B.S., Zucker, R., Molina, B.S.G., Ammon, L., Ames, G.M., Longabaugh, R., Pelham, W.E., Marshal, M.P., Gnagy, E.M., & Donovan, J. E. (2006). Social environmental influences on the development and resolution of alcohol problems. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 30(4), 688-699. PMCID: PMC1472665

Molina, B.S.G. (2005).  High risk adolescent and young adult populations. Consumption and consequences.  In M. Galanter (Eds.), Recent developments in alcoholism XVII.  Alcohol problems in adolescent and young adults.  Klewer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York, NY.

Molina, B.S.G., Marshal, M. P., Pelham, W.E., Jr., & Wirth, R.J. (2005).  Coping skills and parent support mediate the association between childhood ADHD and adolescent cigarette use.  Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 30(4), 345-357. PMCID: PMC 3649118

Chassin, L., Hussong, A., Barrera, Jr., M., Molina, B.S.G., Trim, R., & Ritter, J. (2004). Adolescent substance use.  In 2nd Edition. (R. M Lerner, L. Steinberg), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, pp. 665-696. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ.

Faden, V. B., Day, N. L., Windle, M., Windle, R., Grube, J.W., Molina, B.S.G., Pelham, W. E. Jr., Gnagy, E. M., Wilson, T. K., Jackson, K.M., & Sher, K.J. (2004). Collecting longitudinal data through childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood: Methodological challenges.  Alcoholism, Clinical, and Experimental Research, 28(2), 330-340. PMCID: PMC2898727

Marshal, M. P., Molina, B.S.G., & Pelham, W.E., Jr. (2003). Childhood ADHD and adolescent substance use: An examination of deviant peer group affiliation as a risk factor.  Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17 (4), 293-302. PMCID: PMC3652274

Molina, B.S.G., & Pelham, W.E. (2003). Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD.  Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(3), 497-507.

Smith, B. H., Molina, B., & Pelham, Jr., W.E. (2002).  The clinically meaningful link between alcohol and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.  Alcohol, Health, and Research World, 26(2), 122-129.

Bagwell, C. L., Molina, B.S.G., Pelham, W. E., & Hoza, B. (2001). Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and problems in peer relations: Predictions from childhood to adolescence.  Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1285-1292.

Molina, B., & Pelham, W. E. (2001).  Substance use, substance abuse, and LD among adolescents with a childhood history of ADHD.  Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34, 333-342.  Also reprinted in Examining the relationship between substance abuse and learning disabilitiesProceedings of the February 1999 Joint Conference of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (Monograph), pp. 41-50.  Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.

Molina, B., Smith, B., & Pelham, W. E. (2001). Factor structure and criterion validity of secondary school teacher ratings of ADHD and ODD.  Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(1), 71-82.

Molina, B., Pelham, W. E., Blumenthal, J., & Galiszewski, E. (1998).  Agreement among teachers’ behavior ratings of adolescents with a childhood history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.  Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27(3), 330-339.